Which part of the eye is primarily responsible for color vision?

The part of the eye that is primarily responsible for color vision is the cones. Cones are photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. There are three types of cones, each tuned to different parts of the light spectrum (red, green, and blue), which enables the perception of a wide range of colors through the combination of signals from these cones.

In contrast, rods are another type of photoreceptor, but they are primarily responsible for vision in low-light conditions and do not contribute to color discrimination. The fovea is a small region in the retina that has a high concentration of cones and is the area of sharpest vision, but it does not itself perform the function of color detection. The pupil regulates the amount of light entering the eye but does not play a role in color perception.