What is the name of the visual receptors that are responsible for processing color?

The visual receptors responsible for processing color are known as cones. These are the photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, enabling us to perceive color. There are three types of cones, each responsive to either short (blue), medium (green), or long (red) wavelengths of light, which allows for the full spectrum of color vision when these signals are combined in the brain.

In contrast, rods are another type of photoreceptor that are primarily responsible for vision in low-light conditions and do not contribute to color perception. Bipolar cells act as intermediaries in the visual pathway, transmitting signals from the photoreceptors to ganglion cells, but they are not directly involved in color processing. Ganglion cells are the final output neurons of the retina and send visual information to the brain but do not detect color themselves. Thus, the specific role of cones in color vision makes them the correct answer.